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A heritage breed is one that is recognized by the American Poultry Association. Heritage breeds are those that can mate naturally, are genetically stable, have a typically long outdoor lifespan, and a relatively slow growth rate. Many heritage breeds have existed for hundreds of years. They are naturally better foragers than hybrids but also are more prone to broodiness.

A non-heritage breed has all of the characteristics of a heritage breed but has not been recognized by the American Poultry Association as a standard.

A hybrid (or crossbreed) is a bird that is bred to produce a specific characteristic, usually high egg production. Many hybrids are “auto-sexing,” meaning males and females are easily distinguishable when hatched. A hybrid cannot be considered a “breed” because it cannot produce offspring that have the same characteristics it has. While hybrids will lay more eggs than heritage breeds, they also do not live as long and are more susceptible to disease.

Breed Purpose describes the best use for a breed. Some breeds are best for Egg Production only, while some are bred specifically for their Meat. Then there are Dual Purpose breeds, which are good egg layers but can also be harvested for meat. Ornamental breeds are meant for show or as pets. Most ornamental breeds are not good layers nor are they good for meat.